I've been reading a lot about Graal recently, and with a bunch of related projets, I needed to remind myself what are the differences and uses for each. Here's a brief recap and intro to those projects. Most of the research and work is from Oracle and the JKU (Johannes Kepler University Linz). GraalVM GraalVM‘s motto is “Run Programs Faster Anywhere”, also known as “One VM to rule them all”. Basically it is an extension of the Java virtual machine (build on HotSpot) that supports all the traditional JVM-based languages, such as Java, Scala and Kotlin, but also JavaScript, Python, Ruby, R and LLVM-based languages such as C and C++.